T&D Grid

The End of Big Iron

Emerging Cost Advantages

How wind and solar became cheaper than hydro, coal, and nuclear.

Open, Standard, Direct-Access Communications Interfaces

Why They Matter

There is impressive growth in the types of devices that could play a part in utility and aggregator programs to provide grid support. But there are stranded investment risks if utilities, manufacturers, and consumers make communications interface choices that are not open, standard, and supportive of direct access.