cost-based

Regulators should ensure that changes to rate design seek to balance consumer and utility interests. Rates that are intended to insulate utilities from economic and technological change while providing no benefits to consumers ought to be considered unjust, unreasonable, and unduly discriminatory.

Electric utilities have petitioned their respective regulatory agencies to revise existing net metering requirements.

The electric utility industry is inefficient: the firms are too small, lacking economies of scale achievable through mergers and acquisitions.